Human cycles: History as science

History as Educational Materials and to Popularize the Science of Toxicology

Science as a human endeavour

Reviewed by Christopher Lawrence, M.B., Ch.B., M.Sc., Medical Historian to the Wellcome Museum at the Science Museum, London SW7 2DD. Though he makes no reference to it, Professor Kneller's theory of the origin of scientific knowledge and its change in time is almost identical to that found in Adam Smith's essay on the history of astronomy published in 1795. It is a theory based on the concept ...

Science as a human value.

U.S. President Ronald Reagan’s comments on space exploration, told me that the ultimate goal of any medical researcher was “to touch the face of God”.1 When pushed for clarification, he asserted that science – neuroscience in particular – is a utopian pursuit (free from the foibles and fallacies that normally plague people), whose practitioners (i.e. scientists) must altruistically strive to ma...

Viewing the History of Science as Compiled Hindsight

ion is also important in AI. Scientists sometimes make use of mathematical models at one level of abstraction, but multiple levels of abstraction, with each increasingly abstract, is not a common idea in science or the history and philosophy of science. In AI it is easy to consider dropping detail as one proceeds upward in an abstraction hierarchy. Forming the higher-level, abstract concepts wh...

Topology as an Issue for History of Philosophy of Science

Since antiquity well into the beginnings of the 20th century geometry was a central topic for philosophy. In contrast, most philosophers of science, if they took notice of topology at all, considered it as an abstruse subdiscipline of mathematics lacking philosophical inter est. Here it is argued that this neglect of topology may be conceived of as the sign of a conceptual sea-change in philoso...